Chapter Five¶

Mass, salt, and heat budgets and wind forcing¶

There are no DPO JOA Examples for Chapter 5.

DPO JOA examples are available for the following emphasized sections:

5.1	Conservation of volume and mass
5.1.1	Conservation of volume in a closed box
5.1.2	Open ocean continuity
5.1.3	Radiation, flux, and diffusion
5.2	Conservation of salt
5.3	Three examples of the two conservation principles
5.3.1	The Mediterranean Sea: an example of negative water balance
5.3.2	The Black Sea: an example of positive water balance
5.3.3	Salt and freshwater transports in the open ocean
5.4	Conservation of heat energy; the heat budget
5.4.1	Heat-budget terms
5.4.2	Short- and longwave radiation; elements of radiation theory
5.4.3	Shortwave radiation (Qs)
5.4.3.1	Factors affecting shortwave radiation reaching the earth’s surface
5.4.3.2	Absorption of shortwave radiation in the sea
5.4.4	Longwave radiation (Qb)
5.4.4.1	Factors affecting longwave radiation
5.4.4.2	SST and penetration depth of longwave radiation
5.4.4.3	Outgoing longwave radiation (OLR)
5.4.5	Effect of ice and snow cover on the radiation budget
5.4.6	Evaporative or latent heat flux (Qe)
5.4.7	Heat conduction or sensible heat flux (Qh)
5.4.8	Dependence of the latent and sensible heat transfer coefficients on stability and wind speed
5.5	Geographic distribution and temporal variation of the heat-budget terms
5.5.1	Annual mean values of the components of the heat budget
5.5.2	Seasonal variations in the components of the heat budget
5.6	Meridional heat transport
5.7	Buoyancy fluxes
5.8	Wind forcing